It's also known as an proxy or proxy server. It is a software program for servers which acts as an intermediary between clients and servers on the internet. In the absence of an intermediary a user could send a request every resource straight to the server and the server would serve direct the resource requested to the customer. While this process is simple to understand and apply using proxy servers, it does offer advantages such as greater performance and privacy, security and much more. As a layer of pass-through, the proxy functions as a security intermediary between the servers and clients.

In general, the mix of the server hardware and the software to install proxy servers is commonly referred to as proxy servers. In this article, we'll focus on proxies typically understood as software, and the ones used together with web servers. We will provide a description of the two main types of proxies: forward proxy and a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own use case, and is often misunderstood due to the naming conventions that are similar.

This article will provide you with some understanding about what proxies and subtypes of them are, and what they can accomplish for most common configurations. Through this article, users will be able to determine the scenarios in which an effective proxy could be advantageous, and then choose the best option between reverse and forward proxy options for each scenario.

Understanding Forward Proxies

In other words, a forward proxy or the open proxy is the representative of a client who is trying to transmit a request via the internet to a server that originated. In this case, all request to send it from the client will instead be sent by the forward-proxy. In this case an agent acting on behalf of the forward proxy in the in the place of the customer will examine the request. The first step is to determine what authorization the user has to send requests to this particular forward proxy. It will then reject this request as well as transfer it over to the server originally. The client is not able to connect directly to the internet. It is only able to access what the forward proxy allows the client access.

One of the most common uses for forward proxies is greater privacy or anonymity on the internet. A forward proxy is able to access the internet in instead of a client and in that process it could use an alternate IP address to the original IP address of the client.

Depending on how it's been configured in the past forward proxy servers may perform a variety of tasks and allow you to:

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  Beware of ad-tracker.
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
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  You can determine limitations based on your location.
  
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Forward proxies can also be used for security systems that are centralized and allow access based on permissions like in the workplace. When all internet traffic goes through a common forward proxy, administrators can restrict access to certain individuals to access the web, and this is blocked by a standard firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed for the client layer, which may comprise a variety of machines that have different user and environmental settings, a firewall can be placed at an front proxy layer.

Take note of the fact that forward proxy servers require manual configuration for use, However reverse proxy will be not noticed in the eyes of the customer. Based on whether or not the address IP of the customer is transmitted to the origin server via the forward proxy, privacy and security can be granted, or ignored.

There are many options to look into for forward proxies:

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  Apache is a well-known open source web server that provides forward proxy functions.
  
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  Nginx: Another well-known open-source server for web hosting that has forward proxy functions.
  
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  Squid is an open source forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. This option doesn't include an entire web server service. We have a tutorial on how to install Squid proxy for private connection to Ubuntu 20.04.
  
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  Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it better suited to cases like peer-to peer traffic. It is also possible to examine how you can configure a Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04
  
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Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy acts as an agent on behalf of a web server, handling any requests that are received by clients on its behalf. This web server may comprise one server or even multiple servers. It can also function in the role of an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, it is possible to get a request from a customer via the internet at large. In the majority of cases it will be routed straight to the web server that hosts the services the customer requires. A reverse proxy is a intermediary that separates Web servers from direct interactions with the open internet.

From a client's perspective that is a user's viewpoint connecting to reverse proxy isn't different from connecting directly to your webserver. It's the same thing, however the client isn't able to discern the distinction. The client requests an item and is given it without any additional configuration needed to be performed by the client.

Reverse proxy proxies can provide features, like:

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  A centralized layer of security that protects the server.
  
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  Controlling traffic inbound based on rules that you can create.
  
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  A new feature for caching has been added.
  
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While central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy services, reverse proxies give this service to this web server layer not clients. In lieu of maintaining firewalls in the layer of web servers that may contain multiple servers with different configurations, the majority of firewall security can be directed at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, getting rid of the necessity of interfacing with firewalls as well as responding to the requests of clients from web servers enables them to focus solely on serving the requirements of their clients.

If there are several servers running through a reverse proxy the reverse proxy determines the way requests are routed to which server. A number of web servers could be providing the same content but each serving different types of content or a combination of both. They may be using the HTTP protocol just like a standard web server, however they might also use applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy in order to direct clients to specific servers based on the resource requested, or to observe certain rules for traffic load.

Reverse proxies can also benefit from their positioning in front of web servers by supplying caching capabilities. Large static files may be managed with caching rules to stop the web server from being hit with every request and some solutions even offer the possibility of providing static files directly, without involving the servers in any manner. Furthermore, the reverse proxy could handle the compressing these assets.

The popular Nginx web server is a wildly popular reverse proxy solution. Although the Apache website server also equipped with a reverse proxy function and is an alternative choice for Apache in contrast to Nginx was designed initially for and specifically focused on reverse proxy capabilities.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Situations

Because "forward" along with "reverse" are ascribed to the notion of directionality and false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic These labels are confusing because both types of proxies manage both responses and requests. A better approach to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy services is to consider the needs of the app that you are developing.

A reverse proxy can be helpful when designing an application that is able to deliver web-based apps via the internet. They are your web servers in all interactions on the web.

A forward proxy can be helpful when used on the internet in front of traffic from clients for personal use or for work. They are a representation of your traffic whenever you interact on the internet.

Differentiating by case of use instead of focusing on the similar naming conventions can help you in avoidance of confusion.

Conclusion

This article describes what a proxy is, with the two major types, namely the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Examples of practical applications as well as an examination of useful characteristics were used to define forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about the process of implementing proxies you can check out our tutorial on how to install Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy with Apache on the Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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