The term "proxy" refers to a proxy, also called a proxy server. It is program which acts as an intermediary for client and server on the internet. Without proxy servers, a user could send a request for resources directly to a server, and it would serve the resource directly for the client. While this is a simple method to comprehend and implement, however, the addition of proxy servers can offer benefits including improved speed as well as privacy, security and many more. As an additional layer of passing through, the proxy acts as a guardian for the internet, separating clients from servers.

Generally speaking, the combined system of server hardware coupled with installed proxy software is also frequently called a proxy server. This article will concentrate on proxies typically classified as software, and specifically in relation to web servers. We will discuss of the two major types of proxies, the other being one that is a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind of proxy has its own purpose and can be confusing because of the similar namesake convention.

This article will give you an understanding of types of proxies and subtypes in terms of their value for common setups. If you've read the article carefully, you'll to recognize situations where the use of proxies is beneficial, and you can then select the most appropriate option between forward proxy and reverse proxy depending on the circumstance.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy, also known in the context of an open proxy serves as the representative of a customer who wants to forward a request via the internet to an the server that made it. In this scenario any attempts to make requests through the client's side will be sent to forward proxy. The forward proxy, instead of the client, will look into the request. The first step is to find out if the client is authorized to receive requests from this particular forward proxy. It will then reject any request, or send it to its origin server. The client doesn't have a direct access to the internet; it can only reach what forward proxy permits it to access.

The most common reason for using forward proxy servers is increased privacy or anonymity on the internet. A forward proxy accesses the internet through clients and, in this manner it can utilize an IP address different from the IP address used by the user.

Based on the way it's set up, the forward proxy can give you a range of options and the capability to:

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  Beware of ad-tracker.
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
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  Find restrictions based on your area.
  
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Forward proxies can also be used in systems that provide centralized security as well as access to users based on permissions, for instance in a workplace. All internet traffic can pass through a forward proxy, an administrator is capable of allowing only certain clients access to the internet using a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls in place for the client layer that could include multiple machines that have different settings and environment, a firewall can be placed in a forward proxy layer.

It is essential to note the forward proxy configurations need to be manually set up to permit the forward proxy to function in order to use them in reverse proxies, whereas forward proxy settings are not able to be noticed by the user. Based on whether or not the IP address of the user is transmitted to the server from which it originated via the forward proxy, privacy and security settings, it can be granted or kept in the dark.

There are many options to consider for forward proxy choices:

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  Apache A well-known open source web server that has forward proxy capabilities.
  
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  Nginx: Another renowned open-source web hosting server that has forward proxy functions.
  
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  Squid: A free forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete webserver system. It is possible to refer to our guide on the best method to set up Squid proxy to handle private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
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  Dante Forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, making it better suited to scenarios such as peer-to-peer communication. You can also learn how to set up Dante proxy for connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04
  
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Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy functions as an intermediary to a web server, and handles requests from clients on behalf of. Web servers can function as a one server or as a series of servers. In addition, it could serve as an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any case the request for an application comes from a user via the internet in general. Most of the time, the request will be sent directly to the server that hosts the content that the client is trying to find. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary to isolate your web server from contact via the web's public.

From the perspective of a user's perspective, using reverse proxy isn't any different than connecting to Web server in direct contact. It's basically the same but the client cannot tell the difference. Client requests an item and receives it, without any extra configuration required by the client.

Reverse proxy providers provide features like:

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  The web server is secured centrally.
  
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  Sending traffic to be directed in accordance with the rules you have set.
  
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  A new feature for caching has been added.
  
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While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies provide this feature only to just the Web server layer and not to the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls on Web server layers that may comprise multiple servers that have different configurations, the majority of firewall security is aimed at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, taking the burden of interfacing with firewalls and responding to requests from clients off web servers enables them to focus on serving resources.

If there are multiple servers that have a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is also accountable for deciding which requests are directed to the server. There may be several web servers running on the same server, all serving different types of resources or a mixture of both. They could be using the HTTP protocol similar to a conventional web server. They may also use application server protocols like FastCGI. You can also set up a reverse proxy to route clients to specific servers based on the service requested or to follow certain traffic load rules.

Reverse proxies also can make use of their location over web servers with the help of caching. Massive static resources can be set up with caching rules in order to avoid the web server from being hit with each request, with some options even allowing the provision of static files in a direct manner without linking directly to the website server. Additionally, reverse proxy is able to handle compression of these assets.

The popular Nginx webserver is a well-known reverse proxy service. While it's not a reverse proxy, the Apache web server comes with the reverse proxy option as an added feature that is available for Apache while Nginx was designed initially for and specifically designed for the reverse proxy feature.

Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Situations

Because "forward" along with "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality and also misleading comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic. These labels can be confusing, as both types of proxies can manage requests and responses. A different method of distinguishing between forward and reverse proxy servers is to study the specifications of the software you are developing.

Reverse proxy can be a valuable tool to use when designing a solution to host applications that are on the web. They are your web servers when you interact with the Internet.

A forward proxy is useful to use when you are working with clients in front for personal usage or even in a business environment. They represent your client traffic when you are on the internet.

A distinction based on usage case instead of looking at the common naming conventions can assist you in avoidance of confusion.

Conclusion

The article described what a proxy is along with two types being the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Examples of how to use them and a discussion of the most effective features were utilized to differentiate forward proxies from reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning the ways to use proxies, we suggest you go through our guide on how to set up Nginx as an reverse proxy and internet server on Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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