An proxy is also known for its role as a proxy, is software that functions in the role of intermediaries between a client and server via the internet. In the absence of a proxy server, a client would send a request for any resource directly to the server, and servers would provide any requested resources directly to the client. This is a simple method to understand and use, however the addition of proxy servers could provide advantages including increased speed, privacy and security, among others. In addition to providing a layer of pass-through, proxies act as a gatekeeper for the internet between clients and servers.

There is a general consensus that the system of hardware for servers, paired with proxy software is often referred as proxy servers. But, this article will concentrate on proxies traditionally defined as software, specifically with respect to servers on the internet. This article will provide a brief overview of the two main kinds of proxy that are a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has a different use, which could be confusing due to the same namestamp.

This article will provide you with an understanding of different types of proxy and subtypes are, as well as their importance in common configurations. By reading this article you'll recognize the situations where you may benefit from a proxy and determine the best choice between reverse proxy and forward proxy depending on the circumstance.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy also referred to as the open proxy is a proxy for users who wish to send a request via the internet to an source server. In this scenario, every attempt to send requests made by the client will rather be directed via this forward proxy. A forward proxy that is in position of the customer will examine the request. It first will determine if the client is allowed to accept requests via this particular forward proxy. Then, it can either reject any request, or redirect it to the server from which it originated. The client is not allowed direct access to the internet. it will only be allowed access to the information that the forward proxy allows its access.

The most common uses for forward proxies is greater privacy or security on internet. A forward proxy is able to access the internet in lieu of a client's individual account, and during that process it could use an alternative IP address in comparison to the IP address of the user.

Based on the way it's configured, based on the way it's configured forward proxy can provide many options and let you:

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  Avoid tracking ads.
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
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  Determine restrictions based on location.
  
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Forward proxies are also employed in systems to offer central security as well as permission-based access to the internet, for instance in a workplace. In the event that all internet traffic passes through an open forward proxy layer, an administrator is able to permit only certain users access to the internet, which is filtered by an common firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls for the client layer which may comprise a variety of machines with various user configurations, firewalls could be placed at on the front proxy layer.

Be aware that forward proxies should be manually configured for use, while reverse proxy servers could be disregarded in the eyes of the user. According to the type of IP address of the client, it is transmitted to the server which originated it through the forward proxy, privacy and security can be made transparent.

There are many choices to be considered in determining forward proxy:

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  Apache is a well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy capability.
  
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  Nginx is a popular open-source webserver which has forward proxy capability.
  
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  Squid is an open source forward proxy that makes use of the HTTP protocol. The option does not include the whole web server. We recommend you read our guide on the best way to install Squid proxy to permit private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
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  Dante is an forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it suitable for scenarios like peer-to-peer connections. It is also possible to learn how to set up the Dante proxy for connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04
  
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Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy acts as the web server, which handles the requests of customers on its behalf. The server could function as a one server, or as a series of servers. It could also include an application servers, like Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, a request would come through the internet at large. Most of the time the request will be sent directly to the server, along with the resources the client in need of. A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary, separating your server from communications with the internet's users.

From a consumer's point view from a client's perspective, using reverse proxy is not different from connecting directly to an internet server. It's basically the same, but the client isn't able to discern the distinction. The client requests the resource, and is then granted access, with no additional configuration needed by the client.

Reverse proxies provide features such as:

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  A central layer of security to guard the server.
  
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  The direction of traffic that is according to rules you can establish.
  
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  A new feature to cache has been added.
  
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Although central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy service, reverse proxy providers provide this feature to the server layer and it is not available to the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls on the server level which might contain many servers and various configurations, the majority of firewall security can be concentrated on the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of interacting with firewalls and responding to requests from clients that are not on web servers permits them to focus on only the needs of their customers.

If there are multiple servers being hosted through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also manages the routing of requests towards which servers. Multiple servers may be serving the same resource, serving different types of resources or a combination of the two. They may utilize an HTTP protocol as a standard web server, but they can additionally include application server protocols such as FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy that routes clients to specific servers according to the requested resource, or to adhere to specific rules regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies can also utilize their position before web servers by providing the ability to cache. Large static files can be set with caching rules that prevent from reaching web servers with each time a request is made. There are solutions offering an option to serve static content directly without having to communicate with the webserver at all. In addition, reverse proxy is able to manage compressing these files.

The renowned Nginx web server has become a wildly popular reverse proxy choice. While it is true that the Apache web server is able to use a reverse proxy capabilities as an added feature available to Apache however Nginx was designed originally to and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Examples

Because "forward" and "reverse" are both associated with a sense of directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic can confuse because both types of proxy servers process requests and responses. The best way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy servers would be to analyze the requirements of the app you're building.

Reverse proxy is an important feature in the development of a solution to serve websites on the internet. They serve as servers whenever you connect to the Internet.

Forward proxy can be useful for displaying customers to your personal use or even in a workplace. The forward proxy is a representation of the information of the customer when you connect to the internet.

A distinction based on usage case rather than focusing only on similar naming conventions will help avoid confusion.

Conclusion

In this article, we clarified the definition of a proxy, with two types, the forward and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and an examination of beneficial attributes were used to identify forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested in the benefits for proxy servers you can learn how to configure Nginx as a web service and reverse proxy in Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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